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静夜思 -- Jìng Yè Sī
李白 – Lǐ Bái
床前明月光 - Chuáng qián míng yuèguāng,
疑是地上霜 - Yí shì dìshàng shuāng。
举头望明月 - Jǔtóu wàng míngyuè,
低头思故乡 - Dītóu sī gùxiāng。
床前明月光 - Chuáng qián míng yuèguāng,
疑是地上霜 - Yíshì dìshàng shuāng。
举头望明月 - Jǔtóu wàng míngyuè,
低头思故乡 - Dītóu sīgùxiāng。
床前明月光 - Chuáng qián míng yuèguāng,
疑是地上霜 - Yíshì dìshàng shuāng。
举头望明月 - Jǔtóu wàng míngyuè,
低头思故乡 - Dītóu sī gùxiāng。
床前明月光 - Chuáng qián míng yuèguāng,
疑是地上霜 - Yíshì dìshàng shuāng。
举头望明月 - Jǔtóu wàng míngyuè,
低头思故乡 - Dītóu sī gùxiāng。
举头望明月 - Jǔtóu wàng míngyuè,
低头思故乡 - Dītóu sīgùxiāng。
|#|By Li Bai
Tang Dynasty
Bright moonlight shines by my bed.
Is it the frost on the ground?
Raising my head I see the silvery moon,
Lowering my head I miss my hometown.
Bright moonlight shines by my bed.
Is it the frost on the ground?
Raising my head I see the silvery moon,
Lowering my head I miss my hometown.
Bright moonlight shines by my bed.
Is it the frost on the ground?
Raising my head I see the silvery moon,
Lowering my head I miss my hometown.
Bright moonlight shines by my bed.
Is it the frost on the ground?
Raising my head I see the silvery moon,
Lowering my head I miss my hometown.
Raising my head I see the silvery moon,
Lowering my head I miss my hometown.
|#|Li Bai (701-762) is one of the most renowned and admired poets in China , He was born in Chengji (it is near today's Gansu province it is also said that he was born in today’s Tianshui in Gansu ). When he was 5 years old, he was taken to Sichuan by his father.
Li Bai was influenced by both Confucianism and Taoism. He started to travel in the country when he was 25 years old. He then entered the imperial court and became a member of the Han-lin Academy at the age of 42. He was greatly delighted and eager to serve the emperor as a capable statesman. But the Emperor Xuanzong only had him as a wonderful palace poet to write trivial lyrics. He was unwilling to serve such a meaningless function, so he left the capital after less than two years and started his second period of travels, aimlessly wandering all over the country. Then he was charged as an adherent of the rebel cause and sentenced to exile, though he was pardoned on the way. He died of some illness at Dangtu in today's Anhui .
Li Bai lived during the most flourishing times of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907). Most of his poems reflect the positive spirit of the times. He is considered as the foremost romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty and his writing style has influenced poets down to the present day.
About 1,100 poems by Li Bai have come down from his times. They are very popular and are recited by Chinese from their childhood.
|#||#|It is said that Li Bai wrote this poem at a hotel in Yang Zhou (in today’s Jiangsu Province) on the fifteenth day of the ninth lunar month, when he was 26 years old in 726. The moonlight covering his bed set off his homesickness so that he could not help getting up and writing this well-known little poem.
Let us first enjoy it line by line:
The first line: 床前明月光 - Chuáng qián míng yuèguāng。床 chuáng means bed, This word has can also mean: n. couch, something shaped like a be; 前qián means front, in front of; 明 míng means bright; 月 yuè means moon; 光guāng means light; 明月means bright moon. This line means bright moonlight shines by my bed.
The second line: 疑是地上霜 – yí shì dìshàng shuāng。疑 yí means doubt, suspect; 是means be, is, are; 地 dì means ground, 上shàng means above, over, on the surface ; 霜 shuāng means frost. This line means I doubt it is the frost on the ground. Is it the frost on the ground?
The third line: 举头望明月 - Jǔtóu wàng míngyuè。举头Jǔtóu means raise one’ head. Here举Jǔ means raise; 头tóu means head. 望wàng means look over, look up; 明月míngyuè means bright moon. 明míng means bright; 月 yuè means moon. This line means when I raise my head, I look over / see the bright moon.
The last line: 低头思故乡 - dītóu sī gùxiāng. 低头dītóu means lower one’s head; 低dī means low, lower; 头tóu means head; 思 sī means think, miss; 故乡gùxiāng means hometown, country. This line means when I lower my head, I miss my hometown.
The biggest characteristic of this poem is the extreme simplicity of its language, it is easy and natural; like spoken language, it “ paints ” out a series pictures and includes some psychological activities and some physical activities of the poet, a little natural scenery and a lot of meaning; it gives readers a big imaginative space; it shows the masterly skill of language usage and artistic conception creation of Li Bai. Therefore, this little poem, with only 20 Chinese characters has been beloved of Chinese people for about 1,300 years and included in almost all collections of Chinese classical poetry and into the textbooks of Chinese elementary schools. Many Chinese people can recite it when they are 2 or 3 years old and still enjoy it when they are 70 or 80.
Now we can go back to the first two lines床前明月光 Chuáng qián míng yuèguāng, 疑是地上霜 yí shì dìshàng shuāng – Bright moonlight shines by my bed. Is it the frost on the ground? The first two lines show us time, place and the psychological activity of the poet. When he wakes up at midnight and sees some rays by his bed, the first reflection in his mind is that it may be frost, since it is late fall. However, he can't be sure about it for his eyes are heavy with sleep. Since there is some doubt, he cannot helping getting up and going to the window or simply going out of the door to check what the light front of his bed is. However, when he raises his head, looking up the bright moon, a long-term homesickness comes into his heart, so that he lowers his head with an overwhelming feeling of missing his hometown. So, there are the last two lines 举头望明月 Jǔtóu wàng míngyuè, 低头思故乡 dītóu sī gùxiāng.-- Raising my head I see the silvery moon, lowing my head I miss my hometown, to write about the physical activities and more psychological activities
From 疑yí “ doubt ”, then to 望 wàng “ look up ” and then to 思sī “ miss, long for or think of ”, from举头Jǔtóu “ raise my head ” to低头dītóu “ lower my head ”, we see a series psychological activities and physical actions. Plus the words床Chuáng “ bed ”, 月光 yuèguāng “moonlight ”, 霜 shuāng “ frost ”, 明月 míngyuè “ bright moon ”, and 故乡 gùxiāng “ hometown ” show us a succession of views and scenes relating to architecture, seasons, sky, travel, family members, countries and so on… with all of these together, this little poem not only creates a quite clear artistic conception, but also it leaves a huge scope for our imagination. All of this is expressed in just 20 Chinese characters with very simple words, we can see how good Li Bai is at language usage and at writing poetry. This is why his work, together with that of Du Fu, represent the highest peak of Chinese poetry.
There are two versions of this poem, one is the current version we have learned, which is from the record of the Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644 ); the other version is from the record of the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279) ,which has something different:
床前看月光 - Chuáng qián kàn yuèguāng,
疑是地上霜 - Yí shì dìshàng shuāng。
举头望山月 - Jǔtóu wàng shānyuè,
低头思故乡 - Dītóu sī gùxiāng.。
It means:
Look the bright moonlight is by my bed.
Is it the frost on the ground?
Raising my head I see the mountains and the moon,
Lowering my head I miss my hometown.
The second version is nearer to the time when Li Bai lived, but the first version is more popular and is included in many different textbooks. I have written about the latter for your information.
|#|Sometimes, the more simple and the more natural, the better. A more natural language requires a greater ability to master the language. If we want to reach the level of simplicity and nature, we must have gone over the process from simple to complex then back to simple.
It is same as a person. When we start off in the world, we are pure and simple and then when we are near passing away, we are also simple and pure.
In the first phase we come to the world, we don't have much knowledge, skill or property to live and we have little experience of life, we are simple and natural. In the last phase of life, we have already seen, thought and done many things in the world, so that we understand and see many things clearly and have not many desires, so that when we reach a certain age, we change to be simple and pure.
The most difficult is during our middle phase. We are too complex for we have too many desires and burdens so that we want to keep something we have had or get something more from this world or from others.
So, if someone wants to be more simple and natural, perhaps the best way is to not have as many desires and also be more giving. When we often give something to others, instead of wanting to get from the others, we will become simple, natural and also happier. Do you think so?
This is the first Chinese poem that I introduced to my readers back in 2005. At that time, I went to about 20 music stores but I did not find any ready and suitable music to match it. Also, I had no database to save any vocabulary of the poem. I had no choice but started to compose music to match Chinese classical poem by myself and founded my own database. Until now. I have created more than 160 pieces of music, painted more than 90 pictures to match Classical Chinese poems and the music, and accumulated more than 3000 articles and ???? vocabulary
However, until August, 2014, I had only composed a piece of music to match this poem and it was not until the New Year’s Day holiday of Chinese National Academy of Arts 2015, that I created a picture to match this poem and the music, then I painted the 2nd one in 2016. Now I have re-written the article, Mr. Mike Joyce and Mrs. Zhang Xiao Gang corrected my writing, Professor Meng Weiye corrected my music and directed my make the record. Mr. Charlie Quan Zhang developed the database and fix the vocabulary. The most excited thing is that he sang the song in person…
I do hope our effort will be some help to you to learn more Chinese culture, music and language.
If you have any questions, comments or suggestions, you are welcome to write to shirley@ebridge.cn ; you can also publish your opinions on the Message Board on www.ebridge.cn as well.
Shirley Yiping Zhang
Nov 12, 2017 in China
Nov 6, 2016 in the USA.
March 8, 2015 in China
August, 2005 in China
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