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The Qing Dynasty(1644 - 1912)

The Qing Dynasty was preceded by the Ming Dynasty(1368 A.D.-1644   A.D.)and followed by the Republic of China (1912 A.D.-1949 A.D.).

The leader of the NÇšZhen (Jurchen) Nurhachi founded the Qing Dynasty in 1616 and made Hetuala (in today's Xinbi County, Liaoning Province) its capital, then moved its capital to Shenyang (in today's Shenyang, Liaoning Province), and renamed it Shengjing.

When the peasant uprisings of Li Zicheng overthrew the Ming Dynasty in Beijing, Shunzhi Emperor—Aixinjueluo Fulin led the troops of the Qing into the Shanhai Pass , after they overthrew Li Zicheng's short-lived Shun Dynasty they unified the whole of China.

Until the later period of the 18th century, the Qing Dynasty (1644 A.D.-1912   A.D.) was the biggest and the strongest feudal dynasty in the Eastern Asia and had a population of 300 millions.

With the First Opium War (1840 A.D.-1842 A.D.)and then the Second Opium War(1856   A.D.), foreign capitalism intruded into China and step by step China become a semi-feudal, semi-colonial country.

After the middle of the 19th century, more and more Chinese land was carved up by various western powers.

The Revolution of 1911 (the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen which overthrew the Qing Dynasty) forced the emperor of Qing Dynasty to abdicate in Feb., 1912; this was the end of the centralized feudal monarchy that had ruled China for more than 2,000 years.

There were 11 emperors in the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for 276 years.